Politics Of Plato And Aristotle Essays (1145 words) -

Politics of Plato and Aristotle Politics of Plato and Aristotle To compare the political theories of two great philosophers of politics is to first examine each theory in depth. Plato is regarded by many experts as the first writer of political philosophy, and Aristotle is recognized as the first political scientist. These two men were great thinkers. They each had ideas of how to improve existing societies during their individual lifetimes. It is necessary to look at several areas of each theory to seek the difference in each. The main focus of Plato is a perfect society. He creates a blueprint for a utopian society, in his book The Republic, out of his disdain for the tension of political life. This blueprint was a sketch of a society in which the problems he thought were present in his society would be eased. Plato sought to cure the afflictions of both human society and human personality. Essentially what Plato wants to achieve is a perfect society. Aristotle, unlike Plato, is not concerned with perfecting society. He just wants to improve on the existing one. Rather than produce a blueprint for the perfect society, Aristotle suggested, in his work, The Politics, that the society itself should reach for the best possible system that could be attained. Aristotle relied on the deductive approach, while Aristotle is an example of an inductive approach. Utopia is a solution in abstract, a solution that has no concrete problem. There is no solid evidence that all societies are in need of such drastic reformation as Plato suggests. Aristotle discovers that the best possible has already been obtained . All that can be done is to try to improve on the existing one. Plato's utopia consists of three distinct, non-hereditary class systems .The Guardians consist of non ruling Guardians and ruling Guardians. The non-rulers are a higher level of civil servants and the ruling is the society's policy makers. Auxilaries are soldiers and minor civil servants . Finally the Workers, are composed of farmers and artisans, most commonly unskilled laborers. The Guardians are to be wise and good rulers. It is important that the rulers who emerge must be a class of craftsmen who are public-spirited in temperament and skilled in the arts of government areas .The guardians are to be placed in a position in which they are absolute rulers. They are supposed to be the select few who know what is best for society. Aristotle disagrees with the idea of one class holding discontinuing political power. The failure to allow circulation between classes excludes those men who may be ambitious, and wise, but are not in the right class of society to hold any type of political power Aristotle looks upon this ruling class system as an ill-conceived political structure . He quotes "It is a further objection that he deprives his Guardians even of happiness, maintaining that happiness of the whole state which should be the object of legislation," ultimately he is saying that Guardians sacrifice their happiness for power and control. Guardians who lead such a strict life will also think it necessary to impose the same strict lifestyle on the society it governs. Aristotle puts a high value on moderation . Many people favor moderation because it is part-liberal and part-conservative. There is so much of Plato's utopia that is undefined and it is carried to extremes that no human being could ever fulfill its requirements. Aristotle believes that Plato is underestimating the qualitative change in human character and personality that would have to take place in order to achieve his utopia .Plato chose to tell the reader of his Republic how men would act and what their attitudes would be in a perfect society . Aristotle tries to use real men in the real world in an experimental fashion to foresee how and in which ways they can be improved . Both Plato and Aristotle agree that justice exists in an objective sense: that is, it dictates a belief that the good life should be provided for all individuals no matter how high or low their social status ."In democracies, for example, justice is considered to mean equality, in oligarchies, again inequality in the distribution of office is considered to be just,