Assignment 4 - Investment Portfolio Management

4 - Investment Portfolio Management - Assignment Exampleon temporary hookup a value of 4 suggests great risk aversion Therefore, in this case the utility adjusted return needs to be calculated which is actually the market risk premium pass judgment by the investor. The formula for calculating the utility adjusted return is as followsPutting the values in the formula, the utility adjusted return is obtained to be 5.52% which is greater than the risk free rate. This return is adjusted for the risk borne by the investor and therefore is the evaluate market risk premium required by the investor.ii) The allocation surrounded by stocks and risk free assists will have to be done on the basis of the risk aversion coefficient of the investor. In this case, the investor has a risk aversion set of A = 4 which suggest that the investor is more risk averse and thus will always choose to invest the majority proportion of the funds in less risky assets.Putting the values given above in the af orementioned formula we obtained the expected return of the portfolio to be 13.81% (refer to excel sheet for calculation). The pattern deviation was calculated using the standard deviation formula in excel which provided a value of 0.034 for the current portfolio of the investor.iii) The underlying reason behind the inclusion of fund C is the fact that it has the highest expected return with the same standard deviation. This suggests that an investor investing in fund C will realize greater returns by assuming the same degree of risk borne by an investor who invests in fund A. In addition, the correlation of returns with the current portfolio for fund C is the highest. This suggests that fund C outdo compliments the investors current portfolio. Therefore inclusion of fund C within the current portfolio would be an optimal choice.iv.) In order to calculate the expected portfolio return and standard deviation value of the newly formed portfolio which includes the index fund C along side the previous stocks, the same formula that was applied while

Self-Assessment reflection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Self-Assessment reflection - Essay ExampleI highly value an opportunity for independent thought or action and moderately consider frequent raises in carry back. Moreover, I attach little significance in developing close friendship at work. Notably, these aspects would promote my intensity, direction, and persistence towards attaining a organizational goal. In considering my dominant demand, my scores for the need for achievement were 19, for affiliation were 14, for autonomy were 20, and for power were 18. Notably, my dominant needs relate to the McClellands possibility of Needs, which recognizes the need for achievement, and the need for power. However, I negate the need for affiliation. More so, I do my best at work, where I rarely spend time interacting with people. I disregard supervision and enjoy leading a project in my work. This relates to the expectancy theory, which asserts that efforts lead to successful performance and that we should reward successful performance. In analyzing the rewards that I value most, I have a score of 4 for good work, 4 for prestigious title, 3 for vacation time, 4 for demarcation security, 3 for recognition, 5 for interesting work, 3 for pleasant conditions, 5 for advancement, 3 for flexible schedule, and 2 for friendly workers. In fact, recognition is the most powerful and least expensive body of work motivator. As such, I highly value, good pay, prestigious title, and job security. However, vacation time does not matter to me. Indeed, payment should correlate with performance. Indeed, I value piece-rate pay where get a fixed sum for each unit of production completed. In considering my view on the nature of people my Theory X- Theory-Y, orientation had a score of 25. I value people of theory Y who exercise self-direction and self-control if committed to objectives. Ideally, I take issue that the average human creation requires direction and supervision and hence has no ambition. This represents people of theory X wh om I must coerce or control to perform. I also disagree that everybody can acquire leadership but agree that rewards motivate people to work. However, I am not sure whether fellow employees can influence me and whether individuality is more objective oriented than teamwork. Moreover, I agree that a good leader should give specific, detailed, and complete instructions in a work environment. Indeed, this relates to the Goal-Setting Theory, which asserts that the goals localise by the leaders increase performance in an organization. In analyzing my willingness to attribute, I responded to 18 items and scored 52 points. Ideally, I disagree that delegating jobs leads to poor performance. Moreover, I do not supervise my subordinates in secrecy and wholly delegate all my jobs to the subordinates with an aim of reviewing the results. Nevertheless, it is not certain that I will get time to delegate properly. As such, according to my assessment results, a manager can achieve the greatest s uccess in motivating me by satisfying my growth needs and creating an enabling environment for the development of new skills and knowledge at work. Moreover, the manager can successfully motivate me by giving me a good pay and offering me a chance to think and act independently. On the other hand, according to my assessments, I highly value rewards, which include good pay, prestigious title, and job security in my work. I also value an interesting work and chance to advance in my work.

Luxury brand towards chinese girls around 18-30 Essay

Luxury blemish towards chinese girls around 18-30 - Essay ExampleLiterature review begins with a detailed analysis of the luxury brands and goods. It comprises of characteristics, brand identity and awareness and aesthetic attributes of luxury goods. For conceptualising the preference towards the luxury goods various comparative literatures between the luxury and ordinary brands has as well been nurtured. It focuses on new copious and endurance of the Western and Eastern brands in China. Even the unique features of Chinese have also been highlighted to make out the consumption level, taste and priorities of Chinese consumer. The cathode-ray oscilloscope and motto of the study is not only to stick to the consumer behaviour and preference towards the luxury brands, it also concentrates on the distinctions and similarities of the Western and Eastern luxury brands. Apart from reviews of literatures it also deliberates to the qualitative approaches to find the real scenario. Interview s have been conducted of 15 ladies and girls of four main cities of China. Those are Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Nanjing. The ultimate conclusion is that the luxury brand satiates the intrinsic desire of Chinese women for showing strong affinity towards the foreign based brand. Affection towards luxury brands and increasing consumption level of it is possible due to three prime reason, boilers suit economic growth of China, escalating empowerment of women and one child policy.China has experienced a persistent surge in the consumer buying behaviour from the year 1990. The Chinese consumer has become wealthier and welcomes the western retail formats which pave the way for luxury retailers. Basically luxury is subjective and constantly evolving concept. This word can be defined as the inessential but desirable item of extreme comfort. What differ luxury brands from others is its command of a premium without mentioning clear functional advantages over the other expect parts. Ins tead of this consumers are ready to pay high amount because

Walmex Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Walmex - Research Paper ExampleA year later the company commemorated fifty years of service to Mexican citizens. 2009 ended with the acquiring of Wal-Mart de Centro America by the Wal-Mart de Mexico giant expanding its service to six countries (Kojadinovc 41).There are credible reports that Wal-Mart the largest retailer in the world was aware that one of its branches, wal -mart de Mexico used bribes oblige foreign officials to allow their operations. The bribes were paid to acquire permits for the Mexico stores establishments in desirable places such as the Teotihuacan. Alleged bribes are said to have been given to the Teotihuacan Municipal Council and the interior(a) institute of Anthropology and Historys director. Handsome Bribes were also orchestrated in relation to zoning law of natures and environmental permits that would have been hurdles in the companys expansion.It is also under scrutiny for subverting democratic governance such as public votes, transparent procedures and open debates and the same bribes to offset competition. This is against compliance to the mandated foreign get down Practices Act which prohibits an American company from fling bribes to foreign officials.In a response to the claims, Wal-Mart stated that it has been conducting extensive investigations in relation to the allegation cases and that they are non-tolerant to non-compliance to the law anywhere at any level of the companys branches and is diligent to provide necessary contribution. In a separate statement the spokesman reiterated that the company has divulged comforting resources dedicated to this effort.Corruption and bribery are vastly permeated notions in Mexico. The justice system in the city is feeble and I can be manipulated with ease. Further, bribery is fuelled by the relatively low salaries paid to the local public workers. Hence it was not shocking for Wal-Mart to have its way through the law.Wal-Mart de Mexico was an insistent and crafty corruptor offering hu mungous bribes to get

Bechtel Corporation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Bechtel Corporation - Essay ExampleIts signature projects include the Bay Area Rapid Transit Channel Tunnel & Rail inter-group communication Cingular wireless expansion Hong Kong International Airport Hoover Dam Hurricane Katrina disaster relief Iraq reconstruction Jubail Industrial City Kuwait oil fires Tacoma Narrows Bride and the Three air mile Island cleanup.The firm remains a privately owned business. It now has its headquarters in San Francisco, with offices worldwide employing 53,000 employees. Its 2011 revenues amount to USD$32.9 billion, and its new contract awards are valued at US$53 billion (Bechtel Corp.com., 1). The lodge continues to grow its revenues and projects, but faces a possible weakening of the economy the in the coming years which may adversely affect the construction industry (OConnor, 1), Bechtel included.General Statement of Results Bechtel is one of the leading international construction firms. It has developed competitive competencies in various other specialize but fields. Supporting this special capability is the firms commitment to ethical business principles, quality of output, and safety of employees and customers. The companys policies are people-centric, placing furiousness on the welfare of customers, employees, suppliers, and the community above the prospects of profits. Its leadership is value driven, both within and outside the organization, as evident in Bechtels mentoring program that has center(prenominal) in its second decade. Objectives are set by management with the participation of the organizations stakeholders, and performance measures. Quality of inputs is observed by a ashes of registration of suppliers who are oriented and trained according to Bechtels standards. ... General Statement of Results Bechtel is one of the leading international construction firms. It has developed competitive competencies in various other specialized but fields. Supporting this special capability is the firms commitment to et hical business principles, quality of output, and safety of employees and customers. The companys policies are people-centric, placing emphasis on the welfare of customers, employees, suppliers, and the community above the prospects of profits. Its leadership is value driven, both within and outside the organization, as evident in Bechtels mentoring program that has midway in its second decade. Objectives are set by management with the participation of the organizations stakeholders, and performance measures. Quality of inputs is ascertained by a system of registration of suppliers who are oriented and trained according to Bechtels standards. Technology is at a premium in Bechtel, with several(prenominal) of the innovations the company intended for application in the construction industry being accorded recognition through prestigious international awards. Work procedures at the company surrender consistently stressed quality but not at the expense of employee and customer safety. As with all firms, however, Bechtel has problems with its unions, and accusations of cronyism and taking advantage of Iraqs destruction as a result of the U.S.-led invasion, since it received one of the first and largest contracts in Iraq. It appears from this that Bechtels very competence and success has been the cause of aspersions levelled at its reputation. Analysis (positive or prejudicial impact, especially positive consequences) a. Policy Bechtels vision is to be the worlds premier engineering, construction, and project

Reflection Module Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Reflection Module - Assignment ExampleIn the live project, a inquiry reflection has been done for a 12 days programme which covered many topics of management. The purpose of this current project is to reflect the teaching of the 12 days programme and analyse the benefits it will provide to the business. I excite analysed four different topics from the programme. These topics were 1. Managing change 2. Competitive Brand Management aim 3. Sustainability 4. Food Health Innovation The essential question which framed my reflection project was to be able to properly criticise the objective of the acquisition and cook meaningful experience from it. We always come across the process of critical reasoning in our daily lives. We have also used this theory and coat to solve problems of our daily lives and these reasoning are imbedded in our thoughts. But most of the time, we fail to apply the same theories while pursuing academic work. This will be the major objective of my reflection p aper. This reflection paper will study the theories and practical tools which have been discussed and applied in the above mentioned papers and meaningful learning will be interpreted In this paper, I begin with an overview of the theory, articulate my thesis and then preview the learning of my paper. Essentially, I did a mini-review of each research essay to explain how the relevant theory is useful and practical and how they can contribute to solve a business problem. The main audience for this paper was my chat professor but the paper would be reasonably understood by professors and majors in the respective field. Sustainability This topic of my programmes, deals with the sustainability issues in a consumer cooperative in Britain, named as CP Ltd. according to sources, it was found out that CP Ltd was the largest consumer cooperative worldwide having more(prenominal) than 6 million members globally. This research paper helped me to understand a proper sustainability final caus e which can be applied for resolving issues related to society and economy. During the conduction of this topic, I learned many new things and discovered many new theories which have useful and meaningful interpretations in solving a business problem. During the programme, I leaned that majority of developing countries are over-consuming the natural resources. It was also found out that more than 30 percent of the resources used by bulk cannot be replenished in future (Adams, 2006). Thus, numerous marketing programmes have been organised and implemented to make people aware of the current situation and warn them, so that they can use these resources in a meaningful manner. The classes helped me understand the numerous problems faced by the authorities worldwide. These included biodiversity loss, climate change, changing demographics, increasing inequalities and unavailability of basic commodities. Few of the important things discussed during this programme were that consumers are many times motivated to perform things because of societal pressure. Lack of proper knowledge, information results in overuse of resources. Also, we cannot expect these consumers and individuals to learn and understand these critical issues by themselves. Apart from this, sustainable consumption is still a niche area of study and companies are still negligent about this critical issue. Thus it is the responsibility of big brands and corporate organisations will be a motivating factor and launch campaigns and other media

Spirituality and Leadership Essay Example for Free

otherworldliness and Leadership EssayLeaders and organizations are uncomfortable talking approximately(predicate) biographyuality or any subject that can be interpreted as religious. thither could be several reasons why, the separation of church and state, the organizations non-discriminatory policies, or the guide to conform and non be seen as weird. Therefore, we baring in the literature and in mainstream words such as Synchronicity, Zen, Spirit at work, inner work, vision, intuition, initiate leadership, 6th sense, meditation, visualization, awareness, mystic, and many much. All of these words are synonymous with spirituality. Leaders utilize spirituality as long as they just dont weep it spirituality. A more(prenominal) appropriate depot could be holistic Leadership.The purpose of this paper is to look at elements of spirituality and leadership and their relationship to each other. church property, Religion, and Leadership spirituality and leadership are tw o concepts that have broad meanings and interpretations. According to Conger spirituality like leadership are two very hard concepts to light upon (1994, 27). So an exploration of these two words individually or in combination could be an exercise in frustration, especially for those who seek absolute answers. (Conger 1994, 63) There are many descriptions for leadership, spirituality, and faith. For the purpose of this paper I chose the ones that I felt were the most appropriate to the subject. SpiritualitySo how does the literature define Spirituality? Janet Dalton Honek in her article Spirituality in My Work channelize? Not that God talk states that Spirituality in the Workplace is an emerging field of management. It encourages you to bring your whole universe into your work. It offers you the place and opportunity to use your gifts and talents to their full potential in fulfilling your job responsibilities. It encompasses a variety of elements that can be expressed in a conf luence of ways.For many concourse, it is a sense of soulal satisfaction. Kathy Szaj, a writer living in New York City, in her article Sounds like Spirit defined Spirituality as Spirituality iswonderbuilt frame of reverence. Spirituality is the habit of heading for the innerness of people, places and things, and after visiting, leaving some small token of gratitude at that place. Spirituality is the vision that remembers that several one thousand thousand earth creatures originate from and unite at one center the practice of purposefully acting as if all thinking/feeling/being matters. And so it doesin-deed. Spirituality is consciously tending to all of the above so a lot that it becomes as natural and necessary as breathing. In a description of the script Capturing the Heart of Leadership. Spirituality and Community in the New American Workplace. by the Greenwood Publishing Group Spiritual leadership is described as a dynamic, synergistic process that is dependent on a recogn ition that leadership is a relationship. Leaders are leaders only as far as they expose relationships with their followers, relationships that help all concerned to achieve their spiritual, as wellspring as economic and social, fulfillment.John-Brian Paprock in his article The Spiritual Part. Employment and Spirituality states Spirituality does non really take time, quite an it is being who one is. If a person has engaged a spiritual life, then it is personal integrity that brings spirituality wheresoever the person is. Whether through prayer or a prayerful consciousness or through meditation or a meditative consciousness or through cultural practices, work stations and offices can become personal sacred space. Obstacles and problems become opportunities of spirit. All of life becomes an integrated adventure. Spirituality becomes the whole of life, not an extra-curricular hobby reserved for the weekend. (1997, 2).John Buck in his article Leadership and spirituality connected sta tes that the soul of leadership is spirituality, that spirituality grounds leadership, that it is impossible to expose leadership from the spiritual essence of a leader. It is spirituality that provides substance and solidarity to a person, not leadership. It grounds the leadership style and practice of a leader. (2000,2)In a recent study on spirituality, Wade Clark Roof, a pietism professor at the University of California, found an interpretation of spirituality among middle-aged Americans In its truest sense, spirituality gives scene to the being that is in us it has to do with feelings, with the power that comes from within, with knowing our deepest selves and what is sacred to us, with, as Matthew Fox says, heart-knowledge. (Conger, 1994,9). ReligionThe Encarta World English Dictionary has the following translations of religion 1. Peoples beliefs and opinions concerning the existence, nature, and worship of a deity or deities, and divine involvement in the universe and human life. 2. A particular institutionalized or personal constitution of beliefs and practices relating to the divine. 3. A set of strongly held beliefs, values, and attitudes that somebody lives by.Religion is not the same as spirituality. But when we dispute spiritual values, highly charged issues arise. Because of religious liberty and the freedom to practice and chose your own religion and beliefs, this area has been considered sacred ground. People are afraid that if the subject of religion or spirituality is approached, someone is passing play to influence a persons private and individual beliefs. Rutte is more direct by saying that some individuals would try to shove a particular point of deal down their throats, and this approach will take away the individuals freedom to choose and the opportunity to search for his/her own truth. (Rutte, 1991, 3).Some of the issues why we do not discuss religion in the workplace include the fear of people being dogmatic and the conflicts t hat could arise, taboos, the separation of church and state, freedom of religion, separation of private and business life, and unreflected notions of the Divine. (Rutte,1991,1)Leadership Leadership is a process of working with people to get things done. Joseph Jaworski in his book Synchronicity. The Inner Path of Leadership states that leadership is about skill how to shape the future. Leadership is about creating a domain in which human beings continually deepen their understanding of reality and become more capable of participate in the unfolding of the world. Ultimately, leadership is about creating freshly realities. (1998, 3)Roger Fulton in his book Common Sense Leadership defines leadership as the art of influencing and directing people in such a way as to obtain their willing obedience, confidence, respect and cooperation. Leadership is not a mysterious phenomenon. It is a combination of skills and noticeable behaviors that can be learned. (Fulton, 1995, viii). Todays Lea ders The Baby BoomersWe, the so-called Sixties generation, the baby boomers, now the leaders, CEOs, managers, and parents, are leading the quest for the understanding of life issues. We have more and deeper questions about life. We are once again interested in the nobler ideals of world peace, economic equality, egalitarian civil rights, human potential, and spiritual enlightenment. (Green, 2000)All we have to do is to take a look at some of the best sellers books in the market. Small inspirational books such as The One Minute Manager, The Greatest Salesman in the World, The Chicken Soup collection, Who Moved My Cheese, Fish, The bodily Mystic, books on stress decline, angels, prayer, visualization, vision quests, Feng Shui, and the long list of books published by Nightingale Conant. Books and materials that are nurturing the self, the soul, the leaders, and the organizations materials that are large-minded permission to the executives, leaders, business people, and CEOs to be mo re open and to admit that spirituality is a part of their leadership style.Think about how many doctors, CEOs, leaders, and ourselves , in a moment of need, have taken a moment to pray, to ask for help from God, the Creator, the Force, the Universe? How many business leaders write their short and long depot goals and then meditate and visualize them? How many people are joining study groups, meditation groups, spiritual study groups? There is a group in the Pentagon that meets weekly for meditation and prayer for world peace. Barrett in his articles on Spirituality and the World Bank addressed the creation of The World Bank Spiritual Unfoldment alliance (SUS).The mission statement of SUS is The Spiritual Unfoldment association promotes personal transformation through self-knowledge, understanding, and awakening higher consciousness. SUS provides a safe forum for the turn of beliefs and ideas that promote spiritual awareness. SUS seeks to create within the World Bank a consciousn ess of love and understanding that contributes toward transforming the way we interact with one other(prenominal) (and the way the organization interacts with the world). The SUS instituted monthly meditation sessions, created special interest groups, held two retreats, an international conference, and publishes two newsletters. Barrett states The real significance of the conference and of the Spiritual Unfoldment Society was that the Bank staff now have permission to talk about spiritual values in development, and to bring their hearts and souls to work. (1998, 2)Spirituality is for some a taboo word, for others a way of life. The driving force of the Spirituality movement is the middle class, educated vanguard of the Baby Boom generation. (Lauerman, 2000, 2). Ancient religious traditions often combined work with spiritual practice and rituals. We are now coming full circle. In her article The Missing Link Anne Colby states that We spend more and more time at work, people have les s time to spend outside social groups. Theyre interested in making spirituality practical and applied, rather than just something you do on the weekend. In the same article Colby quotes Judith Neal, and states As idealistic as it sounds, Neal said she sees many signs of renaissance in workplace spirituality. She estimates Neal that about 10% of the management consultants working with corporations today have a spiritual focus in the work. And spirituality in the workplace has become an open topic in the personnel trade journals. Elements, characteristics, and toolsThe challenge of leadership is to be strong, but not rude. Be kind, but not weak. Be bold but not a bully. Be thoughtful, but not lazy. Be humble, but not timid. Be proud, but not arrogant. Have humor, but without folly. Jim Rohn Spirituality is not religion but a way of being. There is not just one definition of spirituality, but several key words appeared several times throughout the literature, words like synchronicity, miracles, vision, from within, whole being, full potential, relationships, personal integrity, substance, feelings, meaning of life, and way of being.In attempting to explore spirituality in leadership several common areas, elements or characteristics were discussed in the literature. The table on Appendix A highlights those common areas encountered in several books and articles. The elements and characteristics of leadership and spirituality were concepts such as integrity, trust, creativity, communication, relationships, energy, vision, fun, creativity, change, and passion. Each column in the table of appendix A shows the characteristics, elements, or areas covered in each article or book. These are books such as Fish, Who moved my cheese, Jesus CEO, and the Corporate Mystic.The tools to achieve some of the characteristics and elements of spirituality and leadership are objects such as crystals, water fountains, and aromatherapy oils. Leaders are attending workshops that teach med itation, visualization, relaxation techniques, stress reduction techniques, vision quests, inner work, self-awareness and prayer groups. Retreats that are designed to balance body, mind, and spirit. There is a lot of information on energy, feng shui, tai chi, and Qi Gong.Organizations are beseeming more aware of the trends in society. Spirituality in the workplace promotes an expression of talent, brilliance and genius. Baby boomers are seeking more meaning in their lives, including the place where they spend a lot of their time, work. The nature and meaning of work is undergoing an evolution. We are yearning for work to be a place in which we can view and express our spirit. Companies are beginning to recognize employees as whole human beings and are exploring a full range of their needs and desires. Conversations are emerging near spirituality and how to nurture its potential in both the individual and the company. (Rutte, 1996, 1)McLaughlin in his article Seeking Spiritualitya t work discusses the trends and indicates that the trend extends beyond individuals, that organizations and hundreds of companies are defining or clarifying their organizational values, universal ideas such as respect, honesty, and integrity. (1998, 2)Judy Neal, an associate professor of management at the University of New Haven, Connecticut, publishes a newsletter, Spirit at Work. In less than two years her base subscription grew to more than 1,000 professionals. When I received her bibliography on Spirit at Work it contained a list of 447 citations on Spirituality, a list that gets updated every three months.Ms. Neal fully understands the willingness of professionals to look beyond conventional inaugurations for inspiration, insight, and imaginative ideas. She states Developing ones own spiritual side offers a source of strength both on the job and off. Helping other employees develop theirs can make the workplace a stronger, safer and much saner, place to do business. (Brandt, 1 996, 4) Holistic LeadershipYour vision will become clear only when you look into your heart. Who looks outside, dreams who looks inside, awakens. Carl Jung. I see Leadership and Spirituality as interrelated and yet different elements of the same issue. I related the issues of Leadership and Spirituality to the symbol of Yin and Yang. According to Chinese beliefs, every single thing that exists in the universe has two aspects, a yin and a yang. Everything has a front and a back, a top and a bottom, a left and a right, a beginning and an end. Night exists only in relation to day and cold exists in relation to heat.When I looked at spirituality in leadership I found a similar pattern. Spirituality is an internal process of looking in, self-awareness, being, and meaning. Leadership is an external process of doing things, actions, and accomplishing goals. Conger described as the objective definitions lead us in different directions spirit evokes images of an intangible and internal wo rld, while leadership focuses on the visible and the external reality. Spirit is a matter of being and becoming, of creation and re-creation, while leadership is doing, acting, performing. The definition of spirit invites contemplation, analysis, and insight, while that of leadership directs our attention to visible results. (1994, 65) I believe that we are all spiritual beings that believe in something, be it God, the Universe, Money, Power, or Atheism.As human beings we are trying to find ways to be happy, respected, and loved. We live in a society that is attempting to balance life, family, work, while attempting to understand the meaning of life, and to find who we are. We find ourselves spending a lot of time at work, in traffic, and wishing we had more time to be with our families and friends. We are also finding that there is more to life and more to who we really are than just a description of the kind of work we do, the car we drive, the house we live in, or the kernel of money we make every month. There is a part of us, inside ourselves that matter. It makes us who we are unique individuals with needs and wants. When we go within, we find the beings that we are, our own Spirit, and our Spirituality.As I discussed with my husband, the fact that for a variety of reasons leaders do not like to identify with the word spirituality, we came up with a more appropriate term holistic leadership. The Random House Websters dictionary defines holism as the theory that whole entities have an existence other than as the mere sum of their parts. and holistic as incorporating or identifying with the principles of holism.I looked at the leader as a whole person, with leadership and spiritual qualities. (See Appendix B). My own drawing resembled the Yin and Yang figure at the beginning of this paper. The circle represents the individual or leader with two distinct, separate, and identifiable parts, the leadership and the spiritual. The leadership pitiful the energy o ne way, while the spirituality is moving the energy in the opposite direction, yet both are a part of the same whole individual or circle.Buck expressed well when he wrote It is impossible to separate leadership from the spiritual essence of a leader. It is spirituality that provides substance and solidarity to a person, not leadership. It grounds the leadership style and practice of a leader. ConclusionSpirituality and Leadership are becoming an important part of our culture and our organizational culture. The great spiritual search is in the mainstream. (Bird, 1994). Rutte states that new approaches in modern management theory such as productivity and quality improvement, human motivation, teamwork, and systems perspectives have markedly enhanced effectiveness. Yet there is another dimension that needs to be taken into consideration, and that is the one that relates management to fundamental matters of the spirit, which lie at the heart of all beings. If one of the trends in the w orkplace is to include and involve the whole person, not just the work role, then spiritual values can be included. Imagine working in an environment that includes and encourages respect, appreciates peoples discovery and living of their spiritual values, and that allows for a diversity of expression of individual life purposes.Rutte believes that within this spiritual frame the bottom line would be profitable, because productivity would be at once high, deeply satisfying, and responsive to world problems and personal and corporate leadership would guide inspired by an appreciation of both the temporal as well as the infinite. Management in the survival mode has been based on command and control. The way you get people to produce is by intercourse them what to do and making sure it gets done. But in a spiritual workplace, productivity is achieved through nurturing the expression of the self and the spirit. Our job, as leaders, is to facilitate the discovery of spirit, to abide by it, to celebrate it, and to hold others accountable for their expression of it. Imagine what would happen if you had a company in which all the people were doing their lifes work. You would have more loyalty, more resilience, more creativity, more innovation, and a deeper sense of self-reliance, self-renewal and self-generation. (1991, 1-2)Todays leaders are using the tools needed to become more spiritual. The tools can help individuals look inward and start on their own path of self-discovery, self-fulfillment, and enlightenment. The research finds a great deal of evidence for the existence of Spirituality in Leadership. However, there is still resistance to calling it Spirituality. Instead, call it Holistic Leadership. Given the opportunity one evening, an average person with average aspirations asked a wise and spiritual person, What is the spiritual part of life. The wise and spiritual person responded in the expected peaceful and soothing voice, I am afraid you are mistaken. T here is no spiritual part of life. After a amazed silence, I have paid attention to spiritual people all my life, I have read the sacred scriptures of my faith. How can it be that there is no spiritual part of life? The wise and spiritual person said, with the expected knowing grin, It is all spiritual.